CAN / CAN FD OSI-2
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The ISO 16845-1 is the standard test specification for the implementation of CAN. With this method and abstract test suites ISO 11898-1 compliance can be verified.
Since the beginning of 2012, BOSCH has released the first version of the CAN FD protocol specification to fulfill the increasing demands for bandwidth and cost efficient communications protocols. CAN FD enhances the CAN protocol to support bit-rates higher than 1 Mbit/s and payloads longer than 8 bytes per frame. OEMs worldwide are very interested and heavily committed to this technology.
Even though this seems to be ‘just’ an extension, with the changes it is a new development that needs to be tested as any other developments.
Over the last years, several CAN FD implementations from multiple vendors have been launched onto the market. Carmakers are faced with the task of ensuring interoperability in a multi-vendor environment.
C&S has contributed actively to this task from the very beginning, addressing first the specifications of the new ISO 16845, parts 1 and 2 — Controller area network (CAN) conformance test plans.
We have developed the test system for CAN FD, so that you are on the safe side with the use of this new protocol. Since the end of 2014, we offer the appropriate tests so that you can test your new developments with us as usual. In the test planning and test execution, we consider your specific application fields and requirements.
In addition to these ISO 16845-1 tests, we offer extensions that date back as far as 1995.
CAN – Data Link Layer, Test Specification C&S Enhancement Tests
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For the different implementations of the CAN protocol it is defined which features they have and how they must behave, which configuration options they provide and which status information they deliver. However the transmit and receive interface to the next layer is product specific.
As a consequence, the amount, size, and handling of the message buffers, the implementation of optional features, power modes and interrupt handling are implemented quite differently.
These product specific properties are described in detail in the datasheet and/or in the manual of the CAN controller.
The standardized test cases of the ISO 16845-1 assume an identical and simplified interface to the so-called Upper Tester (which takes over the functions of the higher layer).
This simplification neglects the impact of the actual processor interface of the behavior of the controller. Therefore as a supplement we offer interface tests to check the specific characteristics of your processor interface in accordance with the device datasheet or manual.
CAN – Data Link Layer, Test Specification C&S Register Functionality Tests for CLASSIC and FD Frame Format
CAN – Data Link Layer, Test Specification C&S Register Functionality Tests for CLASSIC only
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The common protocol conformance test is typically based on short test cases that are intentionally designed to verify specific, separated features of the protocol implementation.
In doing so it is neglected, that the behavior in the current state of an implementation, is possibly influenced by the previous states and different conditions.
Therefore our robustness tests check your CAN controller with many successive test cases. Such a robustness test could extend over several days depending on the complexity of your module.
The test cases cover conditions and events that may be critical:
Sections of the test run at very high bus loads are considered in order to create a ‘worst-case scenario’. As a result, errors are created. Different parameters are varied during the test run, such as length and coding of the identifier, length and content of the messages and baud rate.
Our robustness tests can detect problems and sporadic errors which are not detected by the standardized test cases of the ISO 16845-1.
CAN – Data Link Layer, Test Specification C&S Robustness Tests
Implementation of the CAN protocol has to be compliant with the ISO 11898-1 specification to allow proper communication throughout the CAN network. To verify this conformity, C&S group has developed a test system to execute test cases based on ISO 16845-1 (test specification for CAN implementations).
When performing the standardized conformance tests, we question and evaluate test procedures and test results repeatedly. As a result, it has been determined that the test cases of the ISO 16845-1 are no longer sufficient for many applications. To close this gap and increase the level of test coverage, we have taken into account the development of specific test groups which deal with the processor interface and also with the robustness of the implementation under high and continuous bus traffic.
Our test system was developed based on the architecture defined in ISO / IEC 9646 (standard for conformance testing methodology and framework).
The CAN controller is embedded in a test environment where a so-called Lower Tester takes over the functions of the the OSI layer below the controller and thus handles the ‘bottom’ interface of the CAN implementation.
Accordingly, the Upper Tester takes over the functions of the OSI layer above the CAN controller.
The execution of the tests are controlled by our test controlled software. The data storage of testing results and evaluations are done automatically.
It is also possible to carry out single tests manually while changing the settings of the test procedure. This allows us to react to inconsistencies during test execution and to identify and analyze possible errors in the controller.
Find some of our publications about CAN/CAN FD data link layer conformance test in the following. If you want more information please send us a mail or give us a phone.
At the Automotive Networks 2015, in Munich, our employee Patrick Isensee gave a presentation on November 25, 2015: CAN FD Conformance Testing: Minimum requirement to ensure interoperability